The headline of a recent MSN Money article was “7 Smart Ways to Buy Happiness.” It’s odd to talk about happiness as something that can be bought; it makes it seem tangible like a car or a computer. MP Dunleavey, the article’s author and an MSN Money Contributing Editor, isn’t talking about frequenting a happiness vendor, though, but about spending money to foster (mostly intangible) things that are likely to result in increased life satisfaction. Much of what Dunleavey writes here is influenced by research findings from psychology and economics. Dunleavey has written a book titled Money Can Buy Happiness, which seems to be a more extensive consideration of the topics considered in the article.

Happiness for sale?
Here’s Dunleavey’s list of the seven ways of spending money to increase happiness, with a brief explanation for each item:
- Relationships–since those who have strong relationships tend to be happier, Dunleavey suggests you spend money on things that will connect you to others, such as buying a plane ticket to go visit a close friend.
- Time–make extra time for yourself by paying others to do unappealing tasks or negotiating extra time off at work.
- Health–buy better but pricier food, a gym membership, and the like.
- Learning–buy books, DVDs, and experiences that will teach you something; in a broader sense, invest in activities that will create a challenge and lead to a sense of flow.
- Debt Relief–rid yourself of one burden by paying down your bills.
- Givaways–donate money or time to enhance the welfare of others, since doing so makes you happier as well.
- Security–start saving money for retirement, providing you with a greater sense of control over your life.
Though I think it’s fine to do all the things on the list, I find it rather peculiar that the reason given for doing all of them is to increase personal happiness. Shouldn’t we get out of debt and save for the future because it’s fiscally responsible and will benefit us in the long term, not because we’ll feel better if we do so? Aren’t strong relationships valuable for their own sake, not just because they increase our life satisfaction? And what about giving to others just to make oneself feel good? There is a debate between social psychologists who believe that all help given to others is meant to benefit the self and social psychologists who think that sometimes helping is solely intended to benefit the recipient. Even for someone taking the former view, though, Dunleavey seems particularly interested in what can be gained by the helper. She writes:
Studies show that altruism not only tickles the feel-good centers in the brain, but it also creates a sense of social bonding and mutual support that enhances your personal well-being.
Can’t we help others because we genuinely care about their welfare, not because generosity will “tickle” our “feel-good centers?” I hope that, during those too-infrequent times when I offer assistance to someone else, I do it at least in part out of concern, not hedonic calculation.
April 17, 2009 at 9:03 am
Is concern unalloyed with personal gratification thinkable in a world defined by economic fundamentalism?
April 17, 2009 at 1:22 pm
John,
All motives are alloys, or at least bear the suspicion of being so. Your comment is a reminder that the economic substance of the world we live in is bound to find its way into the motives that we synthesize. Economic self-interest is bound to be a factor, though I suspect that the expectation that there will be self-interest is as influential as is self-interest itself.
April 27, 2009 at 7:00 am
Allow me to recommend Yochai Benkler (2006) The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom.
Benkler has an interesting take on non-economic motivation in relation to economic theory. Where formal organizations require sharply defined roles and markets require crisply defined prices to allow transactions to clear, social production operates on fuzzy reciprocity and, suggests Benkler, flourishes when people have small amounts of surplus time and resources: too small to make it worthwhile to aggregate them as capital but enough to make possible gestures that, if not entirely selfless, aim at things like reputation and feeling good about doing good instead of some immediate material reward.
April 27, 2009 at 1:01 pm
It sounds like an interesting argument. Thanks for the recommendation.
April 28, 2009 at 12:29 am
[…] ass. I only do stuff I actually enjoy, or that I see a real value to and need for, so there’s intrinsic merit in the activity and the goodwill part is just a pleasant […]
January 3, 2010 at 10:08 pm
My husband would fall in love this blog post. We were not too long ago speaking about this. hehe
May 3, 2010 at 1:45 pm
Until I’ve read this blog, I believed that money cannot buy happiness. Now that I’ve seen his blog, maybe you can buy happiness after all. Though I do agree with you, I also agree with the article. But it doesn’t really matter if one knows how to buy happiness; it matters if one has the money to buy happiness. Since I’m a poor college student that is in need of money, buying happiness will just have to wait. I’ll wait until I’m done with college, I’m done with grad school, start to work a couple of years, and then maybe I could buy my happiness.
Though I may be saying this now, it’s not what I really think. I personally think I’m a happy person. I have a big family who loves me. My family means everything to me. As a college student, many may view us as party animals. I’m nothing like that. I go to school every day. I work on the weekends except for Sunday. So Sunday is usually the day that I spend time with my family. I also have boyfriend who cares for me. Not only that, I’m currently enrolled in college to better myself and make something of me. And I’ve done all of these, I have all of these without money, for the exception of school of course. I really need money for that, lots of money at that.
May 4, 2010 at 12:13 am
Jessica, thanks for your comment. My view is that, even though there are ways to spend money that will increase someone’s happiness level, those things are usually worth pursuing for reasons other than producing happiness. As you point out, though, money is by no means necessary for happiness. It’s good that you’re already happy without having spent money to get that way!